The Definition of Instructional Technology
The definition of Instruction Technology is changeable following the innovation and development of technology (Reiser & Dempsey, 2011, p. 9). AECT (Association for Educational Communication and Technology) recently defined the Instruction Technology as the educational field that focuses on improving and facilitating teaching and learning (Reiser & Dempsey, 2011, p.13).
My Definition of Instruction Technology
The field of instruction technology includes the analysis of learning and performance problem, and the design, development, implementation, evaluation and management of instructional and non-instructional processes and resources intended to improve learning and performance in a variety of settings, particularly educational institutions and the workplace. Professionals in the field instructional design and technology often use systematic instructional design procedures and employ instructional media to accomplish their goals. By this way, Instruction technology is an important education field. The major goal of instruction technology is rising the performance of learning and teaching. IT is integrated with 4 elements: foundation, design, research and technology. The foundation part is the most basic part in IT field, it supplies the fundament of learning theories and history of IT, it could make Instruction designers have clear background knowledge in IT field. Moreover, I will introduce other 3 parts of IT in next 3 pages.
IT history
Timeline of Instruction Technology
(Image by LinkedIn, 2016)
(Image by LinkedIn, 2016)
The IT has been developed since Pre-20’s to now, and every decade from pre-20’s to now has different concentration of IT development.
In pre-20’s, the trend of IT focused on media product, such video products and audio products for learning. Moreover, Edward Thorndike (1784-1949), who is an outstanding psychology in IT field, he defined the instructional goals, educational measurement, and he also worked on learning theories development.
In 20’s era, the IT developed fast, IT field focused on facilitating education for society and citizenship during this era. One of outstanding educator who focused on developing the curriculum of training citizen is Bobbit (cited by Baek, 2015).
Because of great depression, IT was developed very slowly during 30’s era.
However, because of the Second World War, IT was developed fast for training military using multiple media during 1940s, such as audio record, video training materials.
In 1950s, IT focused on spreading training utilizing the television program.
In 1960s, IT focused on development of Behaviorism. And the topic that e-Learning was came up with in 60's era, and professor in IT field used this idea to train some audiences in behaviorism learning subjects. Moreover, one of the outstanding educator in IT field, whose name is Gagne(Univeristy of Florida, 2016), he invented Gagne's 9 events developed IT field strongly. The Gagne's 9 events are gaining attention, informing objectives, recalling the prior knowledge, presenting the stimulus, making learning guidance, response, providing feedback, assessing performance and generalization. These 9 events pushed the development not only in IT field, but also in e-Learning field.
In 1970s, Cognitivism learning theory was developed a lot in IT field.
In 1980s, the invention of computer gave a new chance of development of IT.
From 1990s to present, the distance of education has almost been decreased or eliminated by different technologies, such as intelligent mobile devices, computer and the Internet. The e-Learning became a major trend in IT field. The diversity of electric devices and software promotes the development of e-Learning significantly. Moreover, according to Fazelian (2011), Most educators and researchers in the new century are involved with the significant progress in the field of information technology. The major focus is on the innovations such as E-learning. At the same time, there is a splintering attention over sustainable research in relation to technology and implication of learning principles for education, mainly at the higher education, job training and entertainment.
In pre-20’s, the trend of IT focused on media product, such video products and audio products for learning. Moreover, Edward Thorndike (1784-1949), who is an outstanding psychology in IT field, he defined the instructional goals, educational measurement, and he also worked on learning theories development.
In 20’s era, the IT developed fast, IT field focused on facilitating education for society and citizenship during this era. One of outstanding educator who focused on developing the curriculum of training citizen is Bobbit (cited by Baek, 2015).
Because of great depression, IT was developed very slowly during 30’s era.
However, because of the Second World War, IT was developed fast for training military using multiple media during 1940s, such as audio record, video training materials.
In 1950s, IT focused on spreading training utilizing the television program.
In 1960s, IT focused on development of Behaviorism. And the topic that e-Learning was came up with in 60's era, and professor in IT field used this idea to train some audiences in behaviorism learning subjects. Moreover, one of the outstanding educator in IT field, whose name is Gagne(Univeristy of Florida, 2016), he invented Gagne's 9 events developed IT field strongly. The Gagne's 9 events are gaining attention, informing objectives, recalling the prior knowledge, presenting the stimulus, making learning guidance, response, providing feedback, assessing performance and generalization. These 9 events pushed the development not only in IT field, but also in e-Learning field.
In 1970s, Cognitivism learning theory was developed a lot in IT field.
In 1980s, the invention of computer gave a new chance of development of IT.
From 1990s to present, the distance of education has almost been decreased or eliminated by different technologies, such as intelligent mobile devices, computer and the Internet. The e-Learning became a major trend in IT field. The diversity of electric devices and software promotes the development of e-Learning significantly. Moreover, according to Fazelian (2011), Most educators and researchers in the new century are involved with the significant progress in the field of information technology. The major focus is on the innovations such as E-learning. At the same time, there is a splintering attention over sustainable research in relation to technology and implication of learning principles for education, mainly at the higher education, job training and entertainment.
Three Learning Theories
There are the interpreting of three learning theories according my understand:
1. Behaviorism: based on behaviors, and could be a fundamental of instructional design, such as simulating. For instructional design field, it could be used to train fundamental actions or subjects.
2. Cognitivism: based on thinking processes, but it could help instructional designer indicate what have been learnt from themselves’ mind. For instructional design field, it could be use to train trainees’ understanding.
3. Constructivism: It could help instructional designers come up with new ideas about their design topic. For instructional design field, it can make designers promote their creating ability, and it could be used to train trainees’ creating abilities.
1. Behaviorism: based on behaviors, and could be a fundamental of instructional design, such as simulating. For instructional design field, it could be used to train fundamental actions or subjects.
2. Cognitivism: based on thinking processes, but it could help instructional designer indicate what have been learnt from themselves’ mind. For instructional design field, it could be use to train trainees’ understanding.
3. Constructivism: It could help instructional designers come up with new ideas about their design topic. For instructional design field, it can make designers promote their creating ability, and it could be used to train trainees’ creating abilities.
My education philosophy
Overall, my education is a subject that includes teaching, learning, solving problems and evaluation parts. Education subject also is a traditional subject from ancient to modern times. I think learning and teaching parts are two fundamental parts of education, solving problems and evaluation parts are advanced parts of education.
After taking ETEC 500 subject, there are my reflection and education philosophy below:
After taking ETEC 500 subject, there are my reflection and education philosophy below:
Mengzhe Wang's education philosophy |
References
Reiser, R., & Dempsey, J.V. (2011). Trends and issues in instructional design and technology (3rd eds., pp. 9-14). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. ISBN-13: 978-0132563581
Fazelian, P. (2011). Future of instructional technology. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 2052-2056.
University of Florida, 2016. Gagne's 9 events of Instruction. Retrieved from http://citt.ufl.edu/tools/gagnes-9-events-of-instruction/
Baek, E (2015). History of Instructional Technology. Retrieved from https://csusb.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/pid-898127-dt-content-rid-3133954_1/courses/158ETEC50001/History%20of%20Instructional%20Technology%281%29.pdf
LinkedIn, 2016. Instructional Design and Technology. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/KathrynKolencik/kolencik-definition-of-instructional-design-and-technology
Fazelian, P. (2011). Future of instructional technology. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 2052-2056.
University of Florida, 2016. Gagne's 9 events of Instruction. Retrieved from http://citt.ufl.edu/tools/gagnes-9-events-of-instruction/
Baek, E (2015). History of Instructional Technology. Retrieved from https://csusb.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/pid-898127-dt-content-rid-3133954_1/courses/158ETEC50001/History%20of%20Instructional%20Technology%281%29.pdf
LinkedIn, 2016. Instructional Design and Technology. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/KathrynKolencik/kolencik-definition-of-instructional-design-and-technology